On Foot, By Bike, or By Car. Take a Stroll Through History!
The Saint Andrews Civic Trust has been publishing a guide to heritage structures for decades and now, you can enjoy it from home, or while out and about through your mobile phone. The following guide may be used to map your way along the tour with the help of Google Maps. Simply start by clicking on any map along the route to get directions. Happy Exploring!
#1 - Algonquin Hotel
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The Algonquin Hotel was built by the Saint Andrews Land Company and its’ opening spurred the re-development of Saint Andrews into Canada’s first seaside resort town. Though fire destroyed the original building in 1914, the then owner, the Canadian Pacific Railway, was quick to rebuild. The current fire-resistant structure opened its doors a mere year later and the hotel continues to be a jewel in the crown of New Brunswick and, indeed, Canada.
Location: 184 Adolphus Street Style: Tudor Revival Year Built: 1889, Rebuilt in 1915 |
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#2 - Meadow Lodge
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Designed by Edward Maxwell, Meadow Lodge was built as a summer residence for Frederick W. Thompson, VP and Managing Director of Ogilvie Flour Mills in Montreal. One of the finest examples of a Maxwell build, it included the main house, carriage house and grounds as well as Maxwell designed furniture.
Location: 194 Harriet Street Style: Vernacular Shingle Year Built: 1919 |
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#3 - Villa St. Croix
#4 - Pansy Patch
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Built for Kate and Hayter Reed, the Pansy Patch was modeled on the French home of Jacque Cartier. One of the first professional interior designers in Canada, Kate was the lead designer for the Canadian Pacific Railroad’s cross-country string of grand rail hotels.
Location: 59 Carleton Street Style: Romantic Revival Year Built: 1913 |
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#5 - Fort Tipperary
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Construction on the fort addressed the imminent threat of the War of 1812. Star-shaped, with earthen ramparts, its military use continued intermittently until 1902. The barracks were then demolished to make way for a summer home owned by CPR president, Lord Shaughnessy. When the home burned in 2005, the Saint Andrews Civic Trust recommended to the province to use of the original plans to guide its reconstruction on the original site.
Location: 96 Prince of Wales Street Style: Shingle Style Year Built: Fort: 1812 – 1814, Residence 1902 |
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#6 - Hillcrest
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Owner, Charles Randolph Hosmer commissioned the Maxwell Brothers to design this home. Incorporating Edwards’ whimsical details with Williams’ more orderly and symmetrical leanings, this summer chateau-like home was described as a “fun” house and was typical of the ostentatious style built for the rich and famous.
Location: 130 Prince of Wales Street Style: Queen Anne Revival Shingle Year Built: 1905 |
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#7 - Linden Grange
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Originally a one-story brick Georgian style residence with a hipped roof. Sir Leonard Tilley, a Father of Confederation purchased and renovated the home in the 1870s’. In 1921, Charles Hosmer bought the home for his daughter, Olive, acquiring and tearing down neighbouring buildings when she complained of noise from them. Though not originally a Second Empire home, the mansard roof with dormers and elaborate entrance are lasting impressions of this style. In her will, the home was left to her maid.
Location: 144 Carleton Street Style: Second Empire Year Built: 1829, Additions in 1879 and 1921 |
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#8 - Park Cottage
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In its original form, with only a single turret and half the size, Park Cottage acted as a “model” summer cottage for the development proposed by the Saint Andrews Land Company. When the plan foundered, the building was moved from its original Indian Point location to its present lot, with a duplicate turret subsequently added. It is also referred to as Forgan House.
Location: 104 Carleton Street Style: Queen Anne Revival Year Built: 1888-1896 |
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#9 - The Presbyterian Manse
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Built as a residence for the Greenock Church minister, this home was one of the first designed by Edward Maxwell. Using Neo-Classical elements such as the portico with ionic columns and semi-circular pediments, he gave the building a formal monumental appearance. The Presbyterian Manse is also significant as the childhood home of Margaret Mahon, who would go on to marry Dr. Charles Best, of insulin fame.
Location: 106 Parr Street Style: Edwardian Classical Year Built: 1900 |
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#10 - Greenock House
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The classical entrance and rectangular two and –a-half story massing gives this residence a monumental appearance characteristic of its style. The home’s builder was Captain Christopher Scott, the main financier of the nearby Greenock Church. Scott, a native of Greenock Scotland, was instrumental in the establishment of the Bank of Nova Scotia and was regarded as one of the provinces wealthiest men.
Location: 126 Edward Street Style: Georgian Year Built: 1821 |
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#11 - Greenock Presbyterian Church
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A National Historic Site, this elegant church blends the Palladian Style with its large vestibule crowned by the eloquent steeple inspired by Christopher Wren and the plain symmetrical Colonial style meeting house. Christopher Scott, a wealthy merchant, contributed a significant amount of his own money to complete the project. Thus the church was named after his home town of Greenock, Scotland.
Location: 134 Montague Street Style: British Palladian Revival Year Built: 1824 |
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#12 - Chestnut Hall (Ross Museum)
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Chestnut Hall, an excellent example of its style, was built for attorney Harris Hatch, Registrar of Deeds and Wills for the county and Judge Probate. In 1920, entrepreneur Grace Helen Mowat purchased, and for 18 years, used the building for her business The Cottage Craft. he employed area women to create local handcrafts. Henry Phipps and Sarah Juliette Ross then purchased Chestnut Hall to house their extensive collection of fine, early New Brunswick furniture, carpets and art. The building and collection were gifted to the town in 1945, along with funds for the town library.
Location: 188 Montague Street Style: Neo-Classical Year Built: 1824 |
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Welcome to "ABC" Street!
You are now standing at the corner of King and Montague Streets, considered one of the most beautiful street corners in Canada! King Street also goes by the nickname "ABC Street", referring to the three churches located along it. They include the Anglican (All Saints Anglican Church), Baptist (United Baptist Church), and Catholic (Roman Catholic Church). This nickname is derived from the alphabetical order of the church denominations along the street, going from the water up the hill!
#13 - Morrison House
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After designing the Greenock Church, builder Donald Morrison constructed this residence for himself. The elaborate central doorway and sidelights with their circular and diamond patterns makes this a unique Neo-Classical entrance. The shiplap siding was a method commonly used in shipbuilding.
Location: 204 Montague Street Style: Neo-Classical Year Built: 1825 |
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#14 - United Baptist Church
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Referred to as the “Wedding Cake Church” in old records, this is an excellent example of the carpenter gothic, a style where local carpenters copied from architectural magazines and used local materials. Its striking façade consists of board and batten siding on a vernacular basilica plan, including four symmetrical spires, gable pediments, and gothic windows and doors.
Location: 117 King Street Style: Carpenter Gothic Year Built: 1865 |
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#15 - Stinson Residence
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This home is recognized for its Mansard roof which allows for a spacious second story. The symmetrical and well-proportioned dormers and windows have central gables. Built for trader Edwin Stinson Jr., the home remained within the family until 1960.
Location: 132 Frederick Street Style: Second Empire Year Built: 1871 |
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#16 - Storr Residence
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The Cape Cod style is one of the earliest forms of architecture and has constantly been in use up to present day. Generally the early residences of the middle class were constructed in this modest style, one that could easily be expanded when needed. It has a ground hugging profile with simple lines and a gable roof with very little overhang. Many features such as trims and dormers were later added and we see a variety of these buildings in St. Andrews.
Location: 238 Parr Street Style: Cape Cod Year Built: 1822 |
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#17 - Charlotte County Court House
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A National and Provincial Historic Site, the Charlotte County Court House was in judicial use for over 170 years. The original architect felt its majesty was so important that he went into personal debt perfecting details. The carved Royal Coat of Arms on the pediment was added by a local carpenter, Charles Kennedy, in the 1870s. The airy courtroom interior remains largely original with much of the restoration work completed by the St. Andrews Civic Trust. For most of its history, the Courthouse and Commons has also served as a focal point for community activities such as elections, fairs, parades and official visits.
Location: 123 Frederick Street Style: Greek Revival Year Built: 1840 |
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Welcome to Courthouse Commons!
You are likely looking out from the Courthouse onto the green space in front, referred to as the Courthouse Commons. This space has a rich history for public celebrations, as well as some darker events over hundreds of years - like public hangings! The view from Montague Street upwards across the Commons was intentional by design. It was done with a gentle slope up to the hill to give a sense of authority and prominence as an important space overlooked by the symbol of law and order, the historic Charlotte County Courthouse! Next door, and your next stop, is the historic Charlotte County Gaol, which is also home to the Charlotte County Archives.
#18 - Charlotte County Gaol
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One of the provinces oldest surviving gaols, it was constructed of massive granite blocks quarried in Maine. Larger second story cells housed women, children and debtors. Other prisoners were consigned to the ten dungeon-like cells on the ground floor, where the slit windows were open to the elements. This goal operated until 1979.
Location: 123 Frederick Street Style: Georgian Year Built: 1832 |
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#19 - The Chase House
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Wide corner boards, large eves and entrance way reflect this Greek Revival style home. The paired brackets add an Italianate influence. Leonard Chase, the original owner, was a constable and deputy sheriff. This home remained in the family until 1965.
Location: 228 Montague Street Style: Greek Revival Year Built: 1874 |
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#20 - Milton Hall
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This classically symmetrical residence was built for Thomas Turner Odell, who named it after his birthplace Milton Ernest, Bedfordshire, England. The elaborate entrance and bay windows create a monumental appearance. The Plank siding was carved to mimic stone blocks. Taking over his uncle’s dry goods business at the age of 18, Odell became a prominent merchant in the town, Justice of the Peace for Charlotte County, member of the Board of School Trustees and warden of the municipal council.
Location: 93 Frederick Street Style: Greek Revival High Style Year Built: 1860 |
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#21 - Augustus Hall
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Augustus Hall was built for Thomas Turner Odell Jr., one of a long line of successful dry goods merchants. This home was constructed as a year-round house, unlike the large summer residences built at that time. The granite foundation was laid by the same man who did the stonework for the Van Horne estate on Minister’s Island.
Location: 88 Augustus Street Style: Georgian Revival Year Built: 1907 |
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#22 - Pendlebury Lighthouse
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The oldest remaining lighthouse on mainland NB, this structure takes its name from the Pendlebury family who kept its light for almost 100 years, from John in 1842 to Emma Pendlebury in 1938. The original light had four oil lamps and reflectors that shone through the dozens of small panes of glass that made up each of its 8 windows. Though retired from service in 1938, the octagonal lighthouse has remained a town landmark, repaired, restored and owned by the Saint Andrews Civic Trust.
Location: 1 Patrick Street Year Built: 1833 |
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Welcome to Pendlebury Lighthouse !
Welcome to one of the most photographed lighthouses in Canada! The Pendlebury Lighthouse is a favourite for visitors and locals alike, given the breathtaking views it offers. Across the harbour is Navy Island, which at low-tide can almost be accessed by foot - though we strongly advise not to attempt this as the tide can come in very quickly! From here, looking south, you can see the beautiful Passamaquoddy Bay, and far off in the distance, the hills of nearby Deer Island.
The Saint Andrews Civic Trust owns and operates the Pendlebury Lighthouse and has a dedicated fund established for its ongoing preservation and protection. You can help preserve it for future generations by making a donation through the link below:
The Saint Andrews Civic Trust owns and operates the Pendlebury Lighthouse and has a dedicated fund established for its ongoing preservation and protection. You can help preserve it for future generations by making a donation through the link below:
#23 - Salty Towers
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This 1842 homestead was built by William D. Hartt. In 1902, Capt. Nelson Clark obtained his father-in-law’s home and instead of tearing it down, built around it adding on Queen Anne details such as the asymmetrical crowns on the bay windows. Clark, brother to the only St. Andrews born premier, George Johnson Clarke, was an established captain in the lumber trade. His daughter Marjorie Richardson converted the home into Seaside Inn, which she operated from 1921 to 1986. Still a hotel, it is now known as Salty Towers. The building attached to the rear was operated by Alice Stinson and served as a private or “penny” school as early as 1844.
Location: 340 Water Street Style: Queen Anne Revival Year Built: 1842 |
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#24 - Clarke House
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Also designated a Provincial Historic Site, it is a fine example of a largely unaltered, two-story wood home of that period. The Clarke House and its freestanding carriage house were built for Captain Nelson Clarke; a master mariner, sea captain, ship owner in the coastal trade, harbour pilot and master and keeper of the Sand Reef lighthouse. This property illustrates the economic status and community standing that could be attained by master mariners. The home remained in the family until 2004, when it was bequeathed to the Saint Andrews Civic Trust.
Location: 62 Princess Royal Street Style: Neo-Classical Year Built: 1868 |
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#25 - Pagan-O’Neill House
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Designated a Provincial Historic site, the main portion of the house, facing Frederick St., was from Castine Maine and erected here in 1785. Loyalist owner Robert Pagan established himself as one of the most prominent merchants in the region serving also as magistrate, judge, Member of the Legislative Assembly and Colonel in the militia. He was also instrumental in determining New Brunswick’s border with Maine. Later owners included the O’Neill family, who occupied the residence from 1869 to 1974. This home was restored by Heritage Canada and sold under a protective covenant to protect from exterior alterations.
Location: 235 Queen Street Style: Georgian Year Built: 1783, with 19th Century Addition |
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#26 - Sheriff Andrews House
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Built by Elisha Andrews, the purity of this style is reflected in the regular plan of classical proportions, the massive chimneys, the semielliptical fanlight over the central door and the symmetry shown throughout. Andrews was a lawyer, judge and sheriff who supervised the construction of a new prison, now known as the Charlotte County Gaol.
Location: 63 King Street Style: Georgian Year Built: 1820 |
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Canada's Prettiest Main Street!
Welcome to historic Water Street, the gem at the centre of the St. Andrews National Historic District! Water Street is world-renowned as one of the best-preserved and historic main streets, and a major draw for tourists from across the globe. Opposite the Bank of Nova Scotia, you will find Market Square and a plaque commemorating the designation as a national historic district as well information about the Town Plat, which is divided up into a uniform grid and three distinct divisions.
#28 - Dunn McQuoid House
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Allegedly the first two-story house in St. Andrews, with frame and materials shipped from New York, this building was the residence of prominent Loyalist settler John Dunn, who served as an early sheriff and collector of customs. For most of the 20th century it was home for the McQuoid family.
Location: 126 Water Street Style: Vernacular Georgian Year Built: 1784 |
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#29 - Gladstone Smith House
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Built by Joseph Crookshank, a ships carpenter and original land grantees, this is one of the oldest remaining buildings in the town. It was designed to mimic a saltbox and is characteristic of period houses found along the eastern seaboard, though rarely here.
Location: 107 Queen Street Style: Georgian Revival Year Built: 1785, One of two houses restored and protected by Heritage Canada. |
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#30 - John Dunn Residence
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Built in 1790 by the Loyalist John Dunn, this home is one of the best examples of 18 th century Georgian architecture in Saint Andrews, demonstrated by its symmetrical 5 bay façade with central entrance. Dunn was High Sheriff of Charlotte County. Upon his death, his thirteen year old niece Julia (Dunn) Whitlock owned and resided there for the next 72 years.
Location: 68 Queen Street Style: Georgian Year Built: 1790 |
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#31 - Niger Reef Tea House
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Florence Ayscough, leased this property from the Town in order to construct a Chapter House for the Passamaquoddy Chapter of the IODE, which was constructed in 1926. The building was operated as a tea room during the summer season and a meeting place during the milder months of the year. Proceeds of the tearoom went towards scholarships, bursaries, book prizes, and awards, as well as pursuing other philanthropic and educational ends.
Location: 1 Joes Point Road Style: Vernacular Log Cabin Year Built: 1926 |
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Congratulations! You've Made It!
Well done! You've completed this self-guided walking tour. If the Niger Reef Tea Room is open, it is a perfect spot to enjoy some refreshments and take in the views on the nearby St. Andrews Blockhouse, built to protect the town during the War of 1812. It is also an ideal spot to watch the beautiful tides of the Bay of Fundy roll in (or out) while you reflect on the rich history you've seen today in beautiful St. Andrews-by-the-Sea!
We Hope You Enjoyed This Tour!
The Saint Andrews Civic Trust is a not for profit entity that has been protecting the built heritage of Saint Andrews for more than 50 years. We could not do this work without the help of donors. Projects, like this self-guided heritage tour, are funded by our generous donors and fundraisers we host throughout the year. Please consider making a donation online through the link below to help us continue to preserve, protect, and educate the public on the built heritage of Saint Andrews!
